CLBO Crystal - An Overview
CLBO Crystal - An Overview
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Even so, so as to process the crystal is extremely Highly developed manufacturing methods are expected. Considering that the dawn of the crystal, working on this problem, we are actually the one enterprise in the world which might be processed Within this crystal.
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According to the proof-of-basic principle experiment, the conversion performance of 23% implied the potential of achieving higher-ability at the next Stokes wavelength of your Raman laser. In case the pump laser of 1078 nm could be received at the average electricity of fifty W, the output electric power of its 2nd Stokes wavelength at 1512 nm could possibly be over ten W. The design in the Raman laser cavity really should be optimized in order to avoid the injury on the M1 and diamond surface.
The common energy on the NIR laser even now has the opportunity to get enhanced to tens of watts such as 70 W [26] In case the double-go configuration can be utilized for the Yb:YAG SCF amplifier stage. Consequently, Should the conversion efficiency of 31% from NIR to DUV may very well be still taken care of at this bigger electricity issue, the typical output power from the DUV laser at 258 nm could be more than twenty W, which might be described as a extraordinary power level for your DUV laser and bring on the unanticipated DUV laser machining benefits. Moreover, for high-ability DUV laser, the UV harm of your nonlinear crystal, such as the windows for CLBO crystal as well as the mirrors, is an additional essential parameter for lasting and secure Procedure.
On the flip side, the beam good quality of this increased electrical power DUV laser would turn out to be even worse as a result of more serious thermal and nonlinear results. As a result, the frequency conversion processes really should be cautiously built to mitigate the aforementioned results. So, a large-electric power DUV laser within the FHG click here of one μm with a good beam top quality may be obtained and will be useful for acquiring the shorter wavelength DUV lasers which include 193 nm by SFG.
LBO can be a superb nonlinear crystal which is usually placed on the SHG within the NIR into the green. The DUV laser is generally understood by two stages of SFG from the LBO crystals considering the fact that there is not any section-matching angle for LBO to transform the green laser at 515 nm or 532 nm on the DUV specifically by SHG [16]. A short while ago, the NSBBF crystal has also demonstrated its likely to get a superior conversion effectiveness from 532 nm to 266 nm. The walk-off angle and deff of the NSBBF are almost similar to All those of CLBO [17].
On the opposite aspect, the facility scaling of the NIR laser is yet another aspect to enhance the ordinary electrical power of your 193-nm DUV laser. Because of the deficiency of the superior-energy amplification Resolution of the NIR laser (one example is at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency procedures for example optical parameter oscillation (OPO) could possibly be applied to build a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from 1 μm to the desired wavelength and getting relative greater electricity [21]. Recently, a diamond Raman laser showed its capability in attaining a large electrical power plus a significant conversion efficiency on the 1st Stokes in the one-μm laser [22,23], which implies the possibility to generally be utilized while in the 193-nm DUV laser technology on account of its substantial Raman obtain and enormous frequency change.
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The pulse period of the 2nd Stokes light was shortened to 5 ns as revealed in Determine 7a, a single-shot image with the oscilloscope, which can be a standard phenomenon in Raman laser [44] when the heart beat period in the pump laser was 10 ns.
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The beam profile proven in Determine 7b demonstrated a superb beam high quality as one of many merits of Raman laser, which would be valuable to crank out a 193-nm DUV laser with a top quality beam.
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The event with the 193-nm laser was shown by stages of SFG. So as to scale the DUV laser energy effectively, a different principle of your 193-nm DUV laser generation is presented based upon the diamond Raman laser.